Academic Concept - 学术概念
话题：Behavioral Exposure 行为暴露疗法
Because they fear failure or some other unpleasant consequences, children are sometimes afraid to engage in certain behaviors that could be beneficial to them.
One technique that can help children overcome this kind of fear is behavioral exposure. With this technique, children are encouraged to perform gradually increasing amounts of the feared behavior.
After they are repeatedly exposed to the behavior and experience no negative consequences, they gradually become confident that a negative outcome is unlikely, and they are eventually able to overcome their fear.
I've used a version of this technique with my children. When my son Tommy was 8 years old, we moved here to Los Angeles. And when we first got here, Tommy was afraid to talk to the kids in the neighborhood. He was afraid they wouldn't accept him, that they wouldn't like him.
Then one Saturday afternoon, I saw Tommy looking out the window, watching some kids riding bikes outside. Now, Tommy had a bike. He loved to ride. And I knew he really wanted to go out and play with those kids.
第1步： So I said to him, "Tommy, wanna walk down to the store and get some ice cream?" And he said okay. Then I said, "and how about when we walk past those kids, let's just say hi. Okay?" He was a little reluctant, but he said okay, so we walked to the store. As we approached the kids, I gave Tommy a little nudge. And he very bravely said hi. The kids all said hi back to him and very friendly. And we continued walking, I could see Tommy starting to relax.
第2步： Then on the way back from the store, I said to him, "how about this time when we walk past the kids, you say something nice to them about their bikes?" He said, okay, I could tell he was feeling a little more confident now. And this time when we approached the kids, Tommy said to one of them, "that's a really cool bike. I bet you can go really fast on that." And the other boy's face lit up and he said, "watch." And he rode his bike as fast as he could.
结果： Well, we reached home. And a little while later, Tommy said to me, "dad, I think I'm gonna go outside and ride my bicycle." So he went out on his bike and rode up to the other kids, and they started talking. And by the end of the afternoon, he made several new friends.
孩子害怕做某些行为，担心不好的结果
鼓励孩子一点点增加做这个行为
多次尝试后发现没有不好的结果
逐渐相信不会有坏事发生
最终能够自信地做这个行为
Tommy害怕和邻居小孩说话，怕他们不喜欢他
步骤1：只说"hi"（最小接触）
步骤2：夸他们的自行车（更多互动）
步骤3：主动出去一起骑车（完全参与）
说hi后，孩子们友好回应
夸自行车后，男孩很开心展示
第1步后开始放松
第2步后感觉更自信
最后主动出去，交了好几个朋友
Behavioral exposure is a technique where children gradually do more of the behavior they fear. 概念
The professor gives an example about his son Tommy. 引入例子
When Tommy moved to LA, he was afraid to talk to neighborhood kids. 背景
The professor helped Tommy step by step. 总起
First, [步骤1的内容和结果]. 第1步
Then, [步骤2的内容和结果]. 第2步
Eventually, [最终结果]. 结果
This shows how behavioral exposure helps children overcome fear. 点题
Behavioral exposure is a technique where children are encouraged to gradually do more of the behavior they fear. By repeatedly doing it without negative consequences, they gain confidence and overcome their fear.
The professor gives an example about his eight-year-old son Tommy. When they moved to Los Angeles, Tommy was afraid to talk to the neighborhood kids because he worried they wouldn't like him.
The professor helped Tommy step by step. First, when they walked to the store, the professor encouraged Tommy to just say "hi" to the kids. Tommy did it, and the kids responded in a friendly way. This made Tommy start to relax.
Then, on the way back, the professor suggested Tommy say something nice about their bikes. Tommy told one boy he had a cool bike, and the boy was really excited and showed off how fast he could ride. Tommy felt even more confident after this.
Eventually, Tommy decided on his own to go outside and ride his bike with the kids. By the end of the day, he had made several new friends.
This shows how gradually increasing exposure to a feared behavior helps children overcome their fear.